Integrated routing assembly and system using same

ABSTRACT

A routing assembly for an electronic device has a plurality of connectors ports and each of the connector ports contains a first connector connected to one or more cables. Cables are directly terminated, at first ends thereof, to terminals of the first connectors and the cables can be embedded in a routing substrate. The routing substrate has an opening which accommodates a chip package. Second ends of the cables are terminated to second connectors arranged in the package opening and the second connectors are in turn connected to the chip package.

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/070,636, filed Jul. 17, 2018, which is a national stage of International Application No. PCT/US2017/014089, filed Jan. 19, 2017, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, and which claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/280,411, filed Jan. 19, 2016.

FIELD OF INVENTION

The Present Disclosure relates generally to high speed data transmission systems suitable for use in transmitting high speed signals at low losses from chips or processors of a chip package to backplanes and devices, and more particularly to connectors suitable for use in integrated connector interface-chip package routing assemblies and direct connections to a chip or chip package.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE

Electronic devices such as routers, servers, switches and the like need to operate at high data transmission speeds in order to serve the rising need for bandwidth and delivery of streaming audio and video in many end user devices. These devices use signal transmission lines that extend between a primary chip member mounted on a printed circuit board (mother board) of the device, such as an ASIC, FPGA, etc. and connectors mounted to the circuit board. These transmission lines are conductive traces that are formed as part of the mother board and extend between the chip member and connectors to provide that provides a connection between one or more external plug connectors and the chip member. Circuit boards are usually formed from a material known as FR4, which is inexpensive. Although inexpensive, FR4 is known to promote losses in high speed signal transmission lines (e.g., traces) at signaling frequency rates of about 6 GHz and greater. These losses increase as the frequency increases and therefore make FR4 material undesirable for the high speed data transfer applications of about 10 GHz and greater.

In order to use FR4 material, which has the advantage of being a lost cost material, a designer may have to utilize various active components such as amplifiers and equalizers and may need to use additional layers. While losses can sometimes be corrected by the use of amplifiers, repeaters and equalizers, thus allowing the use of FR4 material, the active elements increase the cost of manufacturing the circuit board, which increases the final cost of the device. The use of active components also complicates the design as additional board space is needed to accommodate the active components. In addition, the routing of the signal traces using active components may require multiple turns and transitions. These turns and the transitions tend to decrease the signal to noise ratio, thus negatively impacting the signal integrity of the system.

Custom materials for circuit boards are available that reduce such losses, but the prices of these materials increases the cost of the circuit board and, consequently, the electronic devices in which they are used. And even with more exotic materials the overall length of the transmission lines can exceed threshold lengths at which loss becomes problematic for the system. Significant loss can result as the trace lengths approach 10 inches and longer in length.

In addition to circuit boards being lossy, it can be difficult to route transmission line traces in a manner to achieve a consistent impedance and a low signal loss therethrough. Often, in order to control the impedance in high-speed trace routing design, a designer must utilize extras layers of up to between about 8 to about 16 extra layers to the circuit board. This increases the manufacturing cost of circuit boards and increases the design time required to develop such circuit boards. Thus, existing circuit boards have physical limitations that are becoming more difficult to design around.

Chips (also referred to as die) are the heart of these routers, switches and other devices. Chips typically include a processor, such as an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) and/or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), as well as other circuitry and can be connected to a substrate by way of conductive solder bumps or other convenient connection. The combination of the chip and substrate form a chip package. The substrate may include micro-vias or plated through holes that are connected to solder balls. If used, the solder balls can provide a ball grid array (BGA) structure by which the chip package can be attached to a motherboard. The motherboard includes numerous traces formed in it that define transmission lines and the transmission lines can include differential signal pairs for the transmission of signals at high data rates, ground paths associated with the differential signal pairs, and a variety of low data-rate transmission lines for power, clock and logic signals as well as other components. These traces can be routed from the chip package to the I/O connectors of the device into which external connectors are connected and can also be routed from the chip package to a backplane connector that allows the device to be connected to an overall system such as a network server or the like.

Chip capabilities have increased to the point where it is possible to support data rates of 25 Gbps and greater. This results in signaling frequencies that can be greater than 12 GHz. It therefore becomes difficult to adequately design signal transmission lines in circuit boards and backplanes to meet the crosstalk and loss requirements needed for high speed applications, especially while trying to maintain reasonable cost. As a results, certain individuals would appreciate further improvements in the system design of routers, switches and other devices.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

The present disclosure is therefore directed to a routing assembly that fits within the housing of an electronic device as a single element and provides multiple data transmission channels that lead directly from a chip package. The transmission channels take the form of cables supported by a routing substrate and the cables can be terminated at their proximal ends to wire-to-board style connectors in a manner that emulates the ordered geometry of the cables. The routing assembly can have an L-shaped configuration that includes a tray that extends horizontally and further includes a pair of side supports that can support an array of connector ports along a mating face of a host device. These connector ports may include cable direct connectors held within housings that define the connector ports. The connector ports receive opposing, mating connectors associated with other devices and which are intended to be connected to the host device.

The connectors, connector ports, cables and/or chip package can be integrated into the routing assembly as a single piece so that the routing assembly can readily inserted into the electronic device as an integrate unit. The tray may be positioned either above or below the motherboard of the host device. The tray can be formed from a dielectric material and may support the cables in a manner to preferably position the proximal ends of the cables in opposition to the chip package. The cables, once connected to the chip package, define high speed signal transmission channels between the chip package and the external connector interfaces, eliminating the need to route the transmission channels on the circuit board reducing the loss problems inherent in circuit board routing. The tray can support the chip package as part of the overall assembly, or it may support only the cables, with board connectors at their proximal ends for connecting to contacts of the chip package. The tray includes a package opening, which can be positioned in opposition to a chip package on the motherboard. In this manner, the package opening surrounds and receives the chip package. The chip package may include a plurality of contacts, such as in the form of a BGA (ball grid array) arrayed along edges of the chip/chip package and aligned with the chip-receiving opening.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not limited in the accompanying Figures in which like reference numerals indicate similar elements and in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the interior of a conventional electronic device with a chip package in place upon a motherboard;

FIG. 1A is a schematic sectional view of the electronic device of FIG. 1 illustrating how the circuit board is used for routing signal transmission channels between the chip package and the external connector interfaces of the device;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a routing assembly of the present disclosure in place underneath a motherboard and in which the chip package has a heat sink in place thereon;

FIG. 2A is the same view as FIG. 2 , but taken from the rear;

FIG. 2B is a schematic sectional view of the routing assembly of FIG. 2 illustrating how the cables are embedded within the routing substrate for routing signal transmission channels between a chip package substrate and the external connector interfaces of the assembly;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the routing assembly in place underneath a host device motherboard and contacting the chip package from below;

FIG. 3A is an enlarged diagrammatic view of a portion of the routing assembly of FIG. 3 , illustrating a series of wire-to-board connectors of the present disclosure with their corresponding receptacles removed for clarity and which connect the cables to the chip package of the host device;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a wire-to-board connector assembly of the present disclosure which mates nine cables to the underside of a chip package or a chip package substrate;

FIG. 4A is an elevational view of the connector assembly of FIG. 4 , taken along lines A-A thereof;

FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the connector assembly of FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 5A is a plan view of the bottom of the receptacle connector portion terminals in place upon a surface of the chip package substrate, taken along lines A-A of FIG. 5 ;

FIG. 5B is an enlarged detail view of one set of terminals in place with contacts of the chip package substrate;

FIG. 5C is the same view as FIG. 5A, but with the terminals removed to illustrate the contacts of the chip package substrate;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the receptacle portion of the connector assembly of FIG. 4 in place on the chip package substrate;

FIG. 6A is a side elevational view of the connector assembly of FIG. 6 , taken along line A-A thereof;

FIG. 6B is a plan view of the connector assembly receptacle portion of FIG. 6 , taken along lines B-B thereof;

FIG. 6C is an enlarged detail view of one differential signal transmission channel of the connector assembly receptacle portion of FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 7 is the same view as FIG. 6 , but with a near end wall thereof removed for clarity;

FIG. 7A is an elevational view of the receptacle portion of the connector assembly of FIG. 7 , taken along lines A-A thereof;

FIG. 8 is the same view of the connector assembly of FIG. 4 , but with one of the plug connector sectioned to illustrate the connection between the cable signal conductors and the connector assembly plug portion signal terminals;

FIG. 8A is a similar view to FIG. 8 , but sectioned differently to illustrate the connection between the cable ground conductor and the ground terminals of the connector assembly plug portion;

FIG. 8B is an enlarged detail view of a portion of FIG. 8 ;

FIG. 8C is an enlarged detail view of a portion of FIG. 8A;

FIG. 8D is a side elevational view of the connector assembly of FIG. 8 ;

FIG. 8E is a side elevational view of the connector assembly of FIG. 8A;

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the conductors of a cable terminated to the conductors of a plug portion of the connector assembly of FIG. 4 :

FIG. 9A is an elevational view of FIG. 9 , but with the connector assembly plug portion signal and ground terminals held in positioning blocks;

FIG. 9B is an elevational view of the assembly of FIG. 9A, but aligned with its plug portion housing members;

FIG. 9C is a perspective view of FIG. 9B, taken from above;

FIG. 9D is a plan view of the assembly of FIG. 9C, taken along lines D-D thereof;

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the mating face of the connector assembly plug portion of FIG.

FIG. 11 is an enlarged sectional view of one of the connector assembly plug portions connected to a corresponding receptacle connector portion;

FIG. 11A is an elevational, diagrammatic view of the connector assembly of FIG. 4 , illustrating the preferred manner of connection between the plug and receptacle portions;

FIG. 11B is the same view as FIG. 11A, but taken along lines B-B thereof;

FIG. 11C is a perspective view of the terminals of the mated pair of FIG. 11 ;

FIG. 12 is a perspective diagrammatic view of a housing that holds a series of connectors of FIG. 4 ; and,

FIG. 13 is a diagram of a connector assembly of the present disclosure connected to a motherboard that supports a chip package.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

The detailed description that follows describes exemplary embodiments and is not intended to be limited to the expressly disclosed combination(s). Therefore, unless otherwise noted, features disclosed herein may be combined together to form additional combinations that were not otherwise shown for purposes of brevity.

As can be appreciated, the routing assembly can use twin-ax cables as its cables for transmitting differential signals from the chip package to the connector interfaces and vice-versa. The cables have a reduced size and may be either free in their extent between the host device external connector interfaces and chip/chip package contacts, or they may be secured to or integrated with the routing assembly. Each such cable contains two signal conductors and can contain one or more ground conductor that extend in an ordered orientation throughout their length. The proximal ends of the cables extend into the chip-receiving opening and have package connectors configured to terminate the package connectors to corresponding contacts of the chip package.

Due to their size, the cables maybe embedded in the tray so that they are protected from damage during assembly. The tray fits over the motherboard and the package opening fits over the chip package of the motherboard. The package connectors can be flexibly supported by the tray so that they may be manipulated into engagement with opposing connectors on the chip package. With such a structure, the chip package and connector structure may be tested after assembly and prior to shipping to a client or insertion into a device. As can be appreciated, the routing assembly allows for the removal high speed circuit traces on the motherboard and opens up space on the motherboard for additional low speed signal traces and components while avoiding the need for more expensive circuit board materials.

In order to provide a reliable and effective connection between the cables and the chip package, low profile wire-to-board connectors are utilized. The connectors take the form of “chiclets” which are terminated to proximal ends of single cables. The connectors have a structure that emulates the ordered geometry of the cable and has a contact structure that reliably mates with surface contacts such as one signal channel of a ball grid array. In this manner, each such signal channel may be at least partially housed within a single receptacle supported on the chip package in a manner that retains a low profile and with better impedance and signal integrity control.

The depicted connectors include interengaging first and second portions. One portion is configured as a plug connector that is terminated to the free ends of the cable signal and ground conductors. The other portion is configured as a receptacle connector and is terminated to the chip package ball grid array (BGA). The plug connector includes elongated, conductive terminals that have tail portions to which the free ends of the cable signal and ground conductors are terminated. The terminals have corresponding contact portions which are spaced apart from each other and which may be oriented at the apices of an imaginary triangle

Each receptacle connector includes a pair of right angle contacts with tail portions which contact corresponding contacts of the chip package BGA. A pair of signal contact portions extend upright from the tail portions into a designated receptacle. A right-angle configured ground terminal is provided and has a tail portion that contacts the ground contacts of the chip package BGA. The ground terminal contact portion extends up from the tail portion and is spaced apart from the signal terminal contact portions. It preferably has a width in opposition to the signal terminal contact portions. The receptacle connector has a dielectric housing that has a plurality of walls that define individual receptacles for each of the cables. The housing may include a wall that extends between and separates the receptacle signal and ground terminals from each other and the dielectric constant of the housing material may be tailored to affect the broadside coupling that occurs between the signal and ground terminal contact portions.

Such a structure is advantageous in that the connectors of the present disclosure are may be made with low profile on the order of about 10 mm so that they may be received within openings of routing assembly openings. The connectors of the present disclosure may also be used to connector chip packages to chip packages and circuit boards together.

FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional electronic device 30, such as a router, switch, etc. that has a sheet metal housing 31 with a front wall 32 and an opposing rear wall 34. The device 30 supports within the housing, a motherboard 36 that includes various electronic components such as a chip package 38 with an associated processor 40, a power supply 42 and additional integrated circuits, connectors, capacitors, resistors, etc. The front wall 32 has a series of openings 33 that are aligned with first connectors 43 to define connector ports for the device 30. Typically, as shown in FIG. 1A, an array of first connectors 43 are mounted to the motherboard 36 at the front end thereof and enclosed within metal shielding cages 44, or adapter frames, that are placed over the connectors 43 and onto the motherboard 36. Likewise, a series of second connectors 46 are mounted along the rear edge of the motherboard 36 and aligned with openings in the rear wall of the housing 31. These second connectors 43 may be of the backplane style which permit the device 30 to be connected to a backplane. In the description that follows, the first connectors will be referred to as “entry” connectors and the second connectors will be referred to as “exit” connectors for the reasons set forth in the “Summary” section above.

In the known structure of the device of FIG. 1 , the chip package 38 is connected to the first and second connectors by way of lengthy conductive traces 47 that extend from the chip package contacts through the motherboard 36 to the connectors 43, 46. Pairs of conductive traces 47 are required to define each differential signal transmission line and a third conductive trace will provide an associated ground that follows the path of the signal transmission line. Each such signal transmission line is routed through or on the motherboard and such routing has certain disadvantages. FR4 is the material that is commonly used for circuit boards, and unfortunately, it becomes undesirably lossy at frequencies above 10 Ghz. Turns, bends and crossovers of these signal transmission line traces 47 are usually required to route the transmission line on the motherboard from the chip package contacts to the connectors. These directional changes in the traces can create signal reflection and noise problems, as well as additional losses. Although losses can sometimes be corrected by the use of amplifiers, repeaters and equalizers, these elements increase the cost of manufacturing of the final circuit (mother) board. This complicates the layout of the circuit board because additional board space is needed to accommodate such amplifiers and repeaters and this additional board space may not be available in the intended size of the device. Custom materials for circuit boards are available that are less lossy, but the cost of these materials increase the cost of the circuit board and, consequently, the host devices in which they are used. Still further, lengthy circuit traces require increased power to drive high speed signals through them and, as such, they hamper efforts by designers to develop “green” (energy-saving) devices.

In order to overcome these actual disadvantages, we developed an integrated routing assembly 50 that incorporates the external connector interfaces, cables and support into a single assembly for use in the host device 51. The routing assembly provides a support for high speed differential pair signal transmission lines by way of elongated cables 62 that extend between the connector interfaces and the chip package 88, thereby eliminating the need for high speed routing traces on the motherboard 53. Such an assembly is illustrated at 50 in FIG. 2 . The assembly 50 includes a front portion that accommodates a plurality of external connector interfaces in the form of first connectors 55, 57 and their associated housings 60. These are arranged in preselected arrays, which are illustrated as four horizontal rows of connector housings 60 stacked vertically upon each other.

The connector housings 60 selectively contain the first connectors 55, 57 and these cooperatively define the external connector interfaces for the device 50. These connector interfaces are connector ports 54, 56 and each such connector housing 60 contains one of the first connector 55, 57, which are preferably in a receptacle style with a card slot (such as is used with QSFP style connectors) and the connector ports 54, 56 can be arranged in an N by M array where both N and M are equal to or greater than two. It should be noted that the first connectors 55, 57 are shown positioned on a front side of a system but could also be positioned elsewhere, depending on system designs. Consequentially, the present disclosure is not to be considered as limited to certain connectors at certain locations.

The first connectors 55, 57 can be arranged in horizontal rows in an integrated fashion as in FIGS. 2 & 3 , where the connector housings 60 and associated connector heat sinks 61 are held in their horizontal extent and vertical alignment between support boards 67, by way of fasteners, such as screws, that extend through bosses 60 a formed on the exterior of the connector housings 60. Such an arrangement can easily accommodate a face plate 70, or panel, (FIG. 3 ) that extends widthwise between two side supports 68 to form a frame 66 of the assembly 50. The side supports 68 have rearwardly extending channels 72 a, b that cooperatively define a plane in which a routing substrate 75 extends, which, in combination with the connector housings, define a tray-like system with a general L-shaped configuration that is readily insertable into a host device housing.

The routing substrate 75, as illustrated in FIG. 3 , can be planar and has a predetermined thickness. The depicted routing substrate 75 has an opening 76 formed therein, which is shown in the Figures as located within a perimeter of the routing substrate 75, so as to provide access to a chip package 88. The opening 76 is shown as having a central portion 78 that may have four edges 80 a-d that define the opening 76. In alternative embodiments the routing substrate 75 can simply end (e.g., have a rear edge) prior to the chip package 88. If provided, the opening 76 can extend around the chip package 88. As depicted, cables can extend toward out of the routing substrate 75 and toward the chip package 88 in at least two directions (as depicted, from four directions).

The first connectors 55, 57 that form the array of connector ports 54, 56 have signal and ground terminals arranged in transmit and receive channel configurations to mate with opposing connectors having a plug style. Cables 62, which preferably are in a twin-ax configuration, are directly terminated at their first ends 82 to the connector terminals of each connector 55, 57 and are seen in FIG. 3 to flank low speed wires 64 (which can be used for power, logic, clock and other circuits). As illustrated in FIG. 9D and as is known in the art, each cable 62 includes a pair of signal conductors 62 a surrounded by a dielectric covering 62 b and may include an associated drain wire 62 c, all of which are enclosed in an insulative outer jacket 62 d. The cables 62 maintain the ordered geometry of the signal conductors 62 a throughout their lengths as they traverse from the chip package 88 to the entry and exit connectors 54, 56. Because this geometry remains ordered through their length, the cables 62 may easily be turned or bent or crossed in their paths without introducing problematic signal reflection or impedance discontinuities into the transmission lines.

Both the cables 62 and low speed wires 64 are terminated directly at their first ends to the connector terminals. This allows the first connectors 55, 57 to avoid being mated to a motherboard 53 and eliminates the impedance discontinuities which normally occur at a connector-circuit board mounting interface. The depicted cables 62 are illustrated as arranged in vertical rows at the rear of the connector housings 60, with the cables 62 and wires 64 of the lower connector housing rows arranged inwardly of the topmost connector housing row. This promotes orderly arrangement of the cables 62 in their extent from the connectors 55, 57 to the routing substrate 75. In the assembly 50 depicted the cables 62 associated with the top three rows of connectors 55, 57 are seen to have a general S-shaped configuration extending downward to the level of the routing substrate 75 and into the substrate at the front end thereof, while the cables in the bottommost row extend almost horizontally into the routing substrate 75.

The cables 62 lead from the rear of the connectors to the front edge of the routing substrate 75 where they enter the body of the routing substrate 75. The second ends 84 of the cables 62 extend into the opening 76 as illustrated where they are terminated to second connectors 86 that will mate with the chip package 88. The second connectors 86 can be a wire-to-board style so that the signal conductors and drain wires of the cables 62 can be easily connected to contacts on the substrate 91. The second ends 84 of the cables 62 exit the routing substrate to enter the opening 76. In one embodiment, the chip package 88 is disposed on the device motherboard 53, and the chip package 88 includes a plurality of contacts that can mate with the second connectors 86 and can preferably be arranged around the perimeter thereof and aligned with the opening 76 so as to align with the second connectors 86. In another aspect, the chip package 88 may be included as part of the overall routing assembly 74. As can be appreciated, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 & 2A, the area above the host device motherboard 53 is free to accommodate thermal transfer members 93, such as heat spreaders and/or heat sinks having perimeters larger than that of the processor 90. This is because the integration of the cables 62 into the routing substrate 75 frees up most, if not all, of the space above the routing substrate 75 for other uses.

The cables 62 may be positioned as part of the routing substrate 75 in a variety of ways that suitably holds them in place from where they enter the routing substrate 75, such as along the leading edge 83 of the routing substrate 75 to where they exit the routing substrate 75 and enter the opening 76. The cables 62 can be securely embedded in the routing substrate 75 by the use of adhesives or other known fastening techniques that positions them securely in position. The body portions of the cables 62 are preferably completely surrounded by the routing substrate 75 so that the two are integrally formed as a single part that can be inserted into the routing assembly 74 as a tray portion. One routing pattern of the cables 62 is illustrated in FIG. 5 , which has the upper portion of the routing substrate 75 removed for clarity to show the paths in which the cables 62 are laid. It can be appreciated that the routing substrate 75 can be formed of insulative or conductive materials, depending on the shielding needs of the system.

The cables 62 are terminated at their second ends 84 to the second connectors 86 either before or after the forming of the routing substrate 75. Inasmuch as the first ends of the cables 62 are directly terminated to the terminals of the first connectors 55, 57 the second connectors 86 permit the cables 62 to be directly connected to the chip package 88, thereby substantially or completely bypassing the motherboard 53 as a signal routing medium. In such an instance, the routing assembly 74 may be mated to the motherboard before the routing assembly 74 and the motherboard 53 are inserted into the host device housing, where the routing assembly 74 may be spaced apart from the motherboard by standoffs 92 or the like. FIGS. 3 & 3A illustrate the second connectors 86 and their associated housings 87 and mating faces 89 facing upwardly in the opening 76 so as to provide a connection to the chip package 88. The second connectors 86 are illustrated in the form of chiclets, each of which houses a single signal transmission channel which includes the twin-ax cable pair of signal conductors and an associated drain wire. The second connectors 86 easily mate with small-sized receptacle connectors mounted on the substrate 91 or a motherboard 53. The second connectors 86 and their mating receptacle connector portions may be made small in dimension so as to fit within the opening 76 and not unduly project outside of the opening 76.

FIGS. 4-5 illustrate a connector assembly 100 that connects the conductors of a cable to circuits on a circuit board or similar substrate. The connector assembly 100 includes the second connector and a third connector and is particularly suitable for use with the bypass routing assemblies described above. The connector assembly 100 is shown connecting to a surface 102 of a substrate 91. The surface 102, which could be a top surface or a bottom surface, has a plurality of contacts, shown in FIGS. 5 & 5C as a ball-grid array (“BGA”) that includes signal contacts 106, preferably in the form of solder balls or the like, and similar ground contacts 108 which, as illustrated, may be connected together in the manner of a ground bus by interconnecting strips, or traces 110, in the form of a grid.

The third connector 104 has a dielectric housing that may also be considered as having a grid configuration that is formed by main walls 112 and secondary walls 113 that intersect each other to form one or more individual receptacles 114, each of which receives one of the second connectors 86 therein. The secondary walls 113 of the housing seen to have a height that is less than that of the main walls 112.

As can be appreciated, the third connector 104 includes conductive terminals 116, 118 arranged in individual sets of three terminals. Each such set of terminals includes two signal terminals 116 and an associated ground terminal 118 are housed in a single receptacle 114 to form a connection between a single set of terminals and a respective circuit on the chip package 88. The receptacle terminals 116, 118 mate with corresponding terminals of a second connector 86 connected to the conductors 62 a, 62 c of a corresponding cable 62. The receptacle terminals 116, 118 may be considered as arranged in a triangular pattern, with imaginary lines extending from the center point of each terminal contact portion defining an imaginary triangle. (FIG. 5B.) The top edges 116 c, 118 c of the signal terminals 116 and ground terminals 118 are shown extending along parallel, spaced-apart paths separated by an intervening space 120. As shown in FIGS. 6, 6B & 7A, the secondary walls 113 are shown to extend within and fill these intervening spaces 120.

The signal terminals 116 have tail portions 116 b that extend horizontally and which are contacted to the opposing corresponding signal contacts 106 on the BGA. Likewise, the ground terminals 118 also have a tail portions 118 b. The signal and ground terminals 116, 118 have contact portions 116 a, 118 a that extend vertically from the chip package surface 102 within the receptacles 114. The rear surfaces of the signal and ground terminal contact portions 116 a, 118 a, preferably abut the opposing surfaces of the intervening secondary walls 113. In this manner, the secondary walls 113 reinforce the terminal contact portions 116 a, 118 a to resist deflection (in at least the horizontal direction) which may occur in response to insertion forces applied to them during the mating of the two connector portions 86, 104. The depicted design thus allow for the use of insertion normal forces of about 40 grams. The right angle nature of the terminals 116, 118 can meet small BGA spacing, such as about 1 mm. As shown in FIG. 6B, the signal terminals 116 are arranged in rows. The rows of signal terminals are separated by intervening rows of ground terminals 118. Adjacent pairs of signal terminals are separated from each other by the main walls 112 of the connector 104.

FIGS. 8-10 illustrate the structure of the second connector 86 configured as a male plug. As illustrated in FIGS. 9 & 9A, the connector 86 includes a pair of signal terminals 124 which are spaced apart from each other. Preferably the spacing of the signal terminals 124 is the same spacing as the cable signal conductors 62 a, which are terminated to tail portions 124 b, 125 b. The second connector 86 also includes a conductive ground terminal 125 which is terminated to the ground conductor 62 c of the cable 62. The depicted ground terminal 125 has a width that is larger than the signal terminals 124 and the signal and ground terminals face each other to encourage broadside coupling between the signal terminals 124 and their associated ground terminal 125 throughout the length of the connector 86. The terminals 124, 125 are held in place by respective insulative fitting blocks 127, 128. The body portions of the terminals 124, 125 preferably include outward bends to define a final intervening space 130 located between the contact portions 124 a, 125 a at the mating end of the connector.

The second connector portion 86 has two hollow housing portions 132 a, 132 b that fit together around a fitting blocks 127, 128. One portion 132 a is in the nature of a hollow cap and fits over the termination area of the cable conductors 62 a, 62 c and engages top portions of the two fitting blocks. The other portion 132 b is in the nature of a hollow skirt portion that extends as a wall 136 around the terminal contact portions 124 a, 125 a to enclose them as shown. The wall 136 is recessed in its outer profile to define a pair of shoulders 138 that engage opposing stop surfaces surrounding the receptacles 114 which cooperate to prevent over insertion of the plug connector in its corresponding receptacle 114.

The signal and ground terminal contact portions 124 a, 125 a extend in a cantilevered fashion from the fitting blocks 132 a, 132 b as shown. The contact portions 124 a, 125 a are separated by the intervening space that is larger than the intervening space between the receptacle connector terminal contact portions. With the depicted structure the contact portions 124 a, 125 a are able to flex outwardly and ride over the secondary wall 113 to engage the contact portions 116 a, 118 a in the receptacle 114, but exert a contact force on the opposing terminals. The connector housing bottom portion 132 b further includes a slot 137 extending transversely in alignment with the intervening space 130. The slot 137 can be tapered and bifurcated in a manner complementary to the profile of the secondary wall 113 so that when the second connector 86 is mated to the third connector 104 the slot 137 is aligned with and positioned on the secondary wall 113, thus helping to provide a reliable engagement between the second connector 86 and the third connector 104.

FIG. 13 is a sectional view of one manner of use of the connector assembly 100, where a heat sink 93 is attached to a chip package 88 (which can include a processor 90). The processor 90 is mounted to a substrate 91 that is mated to a motherboard 53. The depicted motherboard 53 uses solder balls to mate with the substrate 91 and a series of vias 153 extending vertically through the motherboard 53 to contacts on the underside of the motherboard 53. The third connector 104 is mounted to the motherboard 53 and the second connectors 86 are supported in a carrier 150 that is configured to align each of the second connectors 86 with a corresponding receptacle 114 and the carrier 150 is retained by way of clips 151. As can be appreciated, therefore, the third connectors 104 are mounted adjacent to and are in communication with the chip package 88. The vias 153 can be optimized for high-speed signal transmission without incurring impedance problems that are inherent with the use of circuit board traces and can help eliminate from 6 to 18 layers of circuit board. A simplified version of the connector assembly 100 is shown on the right side of FIG. 13 .

As can be appreciated, the connectors assembly 100 may be made in a low profile, including the inline configuration shown and right angle second connectors, with heights above the mounting point being around 10 mm, including any bend in the associated cable. Such low heights permit the third connectors to be located on the substrate or a supporting motherboard within the perimeter of the opening 76 without unduly increasing the height of the routing assembly. Overall footprints of individual plug connectors of about 4 millimeters squared are contemplated. The triangular arrangement of the signal and ground conductors of each signal transmission channel can be maintained through the cable and the connector assembly. The use of individual second connectors 86 also permits effective heat dissipation through the use of air flow over the heat sink 93 and because of the structure, the heat sink 93 has more room and thus can be made larger.

The depicted configuration allows for significantly lower loss than would result if the system where using FR4 circuit board material to transmit the signals from the (less than half the insertion loss) at signal frequency rates of 12-25 GHz. The signal frequency range, as is known, can provide data rates of up to 100 Gbps (using PAM4 encoding).

The disclosure provided herein describes features in terms of preferred and exemplary embodiments thereof. Numerous other embodiments, modifications and variations within the scope and spirit of the appended claims will occur to persons of ordinary skill in the art from a review of this disclosure. 

We claim:
 1. An integrated routing assembly, comprising: a plurality of connector ports arranged on a front face; a plurality of first connectors positioned in the plurality of connector ports, each of the first connectors including a plurality of first terminals; a routing substrate extending from the connector ports to a first edge; a plurality of cables positioned in the routing substrate, each of the cables each having a pair of conductors extending between a first end and a second end, the first ends being connected to the plurality of first terminals, wherein the plurality of cables are connected to each of the first connectors; a plurality of second connectors connected to the second ends of the plurality of cables and positioned adjacent the first edge, each of the plurality of second connectors including a first pair of signal terminals and a first ground terminal, the signals terminals connected to the pair of conductors; and a substrate supporting a chip package on a first side, the substrate supporting a plurality of substrate terminals on a second side, the second side being opposite the first side, the plurality of substrate terminals being connected to the chip package through the substrate, wherein the plurality of second connectors are connected to the substrate terminals so as to connect the first connectors in the connector ports to the chip package.
 2. The integrated routing assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cables are embedded in the routing substrate and the routing substrate is conductive.
 3. The integrated routing assembly of claim 1, wherein the plurality of substrate terminals are supported by a dielectric housing, and a plurality of third connectors are arranged in a grid configuration of the dielectric housing, the dielectric housing including main walls and secondary walls.
 4. The integrated routing assembly of claim 3, wherein the second connectors each have a housing with a slot aligned with the secondary wall.
 5. The integrated routing assembly of claim 3, wherein the secondary walls are shorter than the main walls.
 6. The integrated routing assembly of claim 1, wherein insertion loss between the first and second connectors is less than half an insertion loss of a system where both the first and second connectors were mounted on and communicated via a circuit board made of FR4 when both systems were operated at a signaling frequency of between 12-25 GHz.
 7. A system, comprising: a metal housing with a front wall; an array of connector ports arranged on the front wall; a plurality of first connectors positioned in the array of connector ports, each of the first connectors including a plurality of first terminals; a routing substrate extending from the connector ports to a first edge; a plurality of cables positioned in the routing substrate, each of the cables each having a pair of conductors extending between a first end and a second end, the first ends being connected to the plurality of first terminals, wherein the plurality of cables are connected to each of the first connectors; a plurality of second connectors connected to the second ends of the plurality of cables and positioned adjacent the first edge, each of the plurality of second connectors including a first pair of signal terminals and a first ground terminal, the signals terminals connected to the pair of conductors; a motherboard positioned in the metal housing and supporting a chip package on a first side; and a plurality of third connectors mounted on a second side of the motherboard and in communication with the chip package, the plurality of third connectors each having at least one second pair of signal terminals, wherein the plurality of second connectors are mated to the plurality of third connectors.
 8. The system of claim 7, wherein the array is an N by M array with both N and M being equal or greater than two.
 9. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one second pair of signal terminals is connected to vias in the motherboard and the vias are in communication with a substrate in the chip package.
 10. The system of claim 8, wherein the routing substrate has an opening that extends around the chip package.
 11. The system of claim 10, wherein the plurality of cables extend into the opening from at least two directions.
 12. The system of claim 11, wherein the plurality of cables extend into the opening from four directions. 